Diabetes Mellitus

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Diabetes mellitus

  • Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. It occurs when the body is unable to produce enough insulin or effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels.

Types of Diabetes

  • Type 1 Diabetes: An autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks insulin- producing cells in the pancreas. It is usually diagnosed in children and young adults.
  • Type 2 Diabetes: A condition where the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin. It is often associated with obesity and tends to develop in adults over 45, but can increasingly occur in younger age groups.
  • Gestational Diabetes: A form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy and usually disappears after giving birth. Women who have had gestational diabetes are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus:

Common symptoms of diabetes include:
  • Frequent urination
  • Excessive thirst
  • Extreme hunger
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Fatigue
  • Blurred vision
  • Slow-healing sores
  • Frequent infections

Management and Treatment:

Managing diabetes involves a combination of lifestyle changes, monitoring blood sugar levels, and medication.
  • Lifestyle Changes:
    • Healthy diet: Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
    • Regular exercise: Helps maintain a healthy weight and improves insulin sensitivity.
    • Weight management: Essential for controlling blood sugar levels.
  • Monitoring:
    • Regularly checking blood sugar levels is crucial to managing diabetes.
  • Medications:
    • Type 1 Diabetes: Insulin therapy is necessary.
    • Type 2 Diabetes: Oral medications, non-insulin injectables, or insulin therapy may be prescribed.
  • Dr. Shreya Sharma is a renowned diabetes specialist who provides comprehensive care for patients with diabetes mellitus, emphasizing personalized treatment plans, lifestyle management, and patient education. Under the expert care of specialists like Dr. Shreya Sharma, patients can achieve better control of their condition and improve their overall health. For personalized advice and treatment, it is always best to consult directly with a healthcare provider.

    • Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Diabetes Mellitus:

    What causes diabetes?

    Type 1 diabetes is caused by an autoimmune reaction that destroys insulin-producing cells. Type 2 diabetes is often caused by a combination of genetic factors and lifestyle choices, such as poor diet and lack of exercise.

    Can diabetes be cured?

    There is currently no cure for diabetes. However, it can be managed effectively with medication, lifestyle changes, and regular monitoring.

    What are the complications of diabetes?

    If not well managed, diabetes can lead to serious complications such as cardiovascular disease, nerve damage (neuropathy), kidney damage (nephropathy), eye damage (retinopathy), foot problems, and increased risk of infections.

    Q5: Can I eat sweets if I have diabetes?

    Yes, but in moderation. It's important to manage carbohydrate intake and monitor blood sugar levels. Consulting with a dietitian can help create a balanced meal plan that includes occasional treats.

    Is diabetes genetic?

    Genetics play a role in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, but lifestyle factors are particularly significant in type 2 diabetes.

    How often should I check my blood sugar levels?

    The frequency of monitoring depends on the type of diabetes and the treatment plan. Type 1 diabetes typically requires more frequent monitoring, while type 2 diabetes might require less frequent checks, depending on how well it is managed.

    What is the best diet for diabetes?

    A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats is recommended. It's important to control portion sizes and avoid high-sugar and high-fat foods.

    Can stress affect my blood sugar levels?

    Yes, stress can affect blood sugar levels. It's important to manage stress through techniques such as exercise, relaxation exercises, and seeking support from friends, family, or professionals.

    What should I do if my blood sugar is too high or too low?

    If blood sugar is too high (hyperglycemia), you may need to adjust your medication, diet, or exercise. If it's too low (hypoglycemia), consuming fast-acting carbohydrates like glucose tablets or juice can help. Always consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice.